by Reaction variables
Heat
Time
Concentration of reactants
Catalysts
Pressure
Temperature
Rapid movement of molecules & more collisions frequently in the mixture,
at high temperatures.
More often they collide, more apt to react.
Two chemicals will react doubles for each 10°C increase in temperature.
(Thumb rule)
Reaction Time
Reaction time- The length of time,the reactants are in contact at the
desired reaction conditions.
Residence time- The length of time, reactants remain in a tank before
forming a product. Longer the reaction time, the more products.
Concentration of Reactants
Concentration of reactants in reactor decides,
How much quantities of correct products,
How fast the reaction will take place,
How much heat to be supplied or taken away
Good mixing or good agitation produces an efficient reaction with the desired products
Catalyst
A catalyst is a material designed to stimulate (to start, to increase
or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction) & produces desirable product.
Most catalysts do not react with the reactants, so they can be reused
several times until they become dirty or ineffective.
Catalysts
Catalysts can be classified as adsorption, intermediate, inhibitor, or poisoned.
An adsorption-type catalyst is a solid that attracts and holds reactant molecules so a higher number of collisions can occur.
Intermediate catalyst forms an intermediate product with the reactant & slowing
it down so collisions can occur.
Inhibitor-type catalyst is any substance slows a reaction.
Poisoned catalyst is one that no longer functions or is used up.
Inhibitor
An inhibitor is a substance that prevents or hinders the reaction of two
or more chemicals.
Trace amounts of impurities in the feedstock
Inhibitor may hinder the reaction by reacting with some of the raw materials
before the desired reaction can take place, or it may react with the catalyst, making it unstable
Heat
Time
Concentration of reactants
Catalysts
Pressure
Temperature
Rapid movement of molecules & more collisions frequently in the mixture,
at high temperatures.
More often they collide, more apt to react.
Two chemicals will react doubles for each 10°C increase in temperature.
(Thumb rule)
Reaction Time
Reaction time- The length of time,the reactants are in contact at the
desired reaction conditions.
Residence time- The length of time, reactants remain in a tank before
forming a product. Longer the reaction time, the more products.
Concentration of Reactants
Concentration of reactants in reactor decides,
How much quantities of correct products,
How fast the reaction will take place,
How much heat to be supplied or taken away
Good mixing or good agitation produces an efficient reaction with the desired products
Catalyst
A catalyst is a material designed to stimulate (to start, to increase
or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction) & produces desirable product.
Most catalysts do not react with the reactants, so they can be reused
several times until they become dirty or ineffective.
Catalysts
Catalysts can be classified as adsorption, intermediate, inhibitor, or poisoned.
An adsorption-type catalyst is a solid that attracts and holds reactant molecules so a higher number of collisions can occur.
Intermediate catalyst forms an intermediate product with the reactant & slowing
it down so collisions can occur.
Inhibitor-type catalyst is any substance slows a reaction.
Poisoned catalyst is one that no longer functions or is used up.
Inhibitor
An inhibitor is a substance that prevents or hinders the reaction of two
or more chemicals.
Trace amounts of impurities in the feedstock
Inhibitor may hinder the reaction by reacting with some of the raw materials
before the desired reaction can take place, or it may react with the catalyst, making it unstable
